The developments in art in the 15th and 16th centuries brought with them a new interest in proportion, perspective and the accurate depiction of the human body. How did this affect the science of anatomy? This talk discusses the work of Leonardo da Vinci, Vesalius and Fabricius and looks at how the nature of the new art inspired and shaped a new wave of research into the structure of the human body and how such knowledge was transmitted in visual form. This ultimately led to a revolution in our understanding of anatomy in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.